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F major · Tritone substitution

Tritone substitutions in F major

A dominant seventh can be replaced by the dominant seventh a tritone away, because the two share the notes that do the resolving. In F major, C7 becomes G♭7: both contain E and B♭, which G♭7 spells F♭ and B♭. The bass then falls a semitone onto F instead of a fifth.

Every dominant in F major, and its substitute

  • C7V7F
    subV7F

    G♭7 substitutes for C7, the dominant of F major. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: E and B♭ in C7, F♭ and B♭ in G♭7.

  • D7V7/iiGm
    subV7/iiGm

    A♭7 substitutes for D7, the dominant of G minor. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: F♯ and C in D7, G♭ and C in A♭7.

  • E7V7/iiiAm
    subV7/iiiAm

    B♭7 substitutes for E7, the dominant of A minor. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: G♯ and D in E7, A♭ and D in B♭7.

  • F7V7/IV
    B7subV7/IV

    B7 substitutes for F7, the dominant of B♭ major. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: A and E♭ in F7, A and D♯ in B7.

  • G7V7/VC
    subV7/VC

    D♭7 substitutes for G7, the dominant of C major. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: B and F in G7, C♭ and F in D♭7.

  • A7V7/viDm
    subV7/viDm

    E♭7 substitutes for A7, the dominant of D minor. They share the same tritone, so the bass can fall a semitone instead of a fifth. Shared notes: C♯ and G in A7, D♭ and G in E♭7.

Why the substitute works

What makes a dominant seventh want to resolve is the tritone between its third and its seventh. Move the root a tritone and that interval is still there, with its two notes swapped: the third becomes the seventh and the seventh becomes the third. So the substitute pulls to the same place, and the bass slides down a semitone to get there.

Play the two buttons in each row one after the other. Same arrival, different road.

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